Shutter Speed is how many seconds/milliseconds between when the shutter closes and when it opens again. When the shutter speed is a very small fraction such as 1/4000, that means the shutter is only closed for one 4000th of a second. The the shutter speed being so fast makes the photo frozen in one exact moment (see the picture on the right above the text). When the shutter speed is a really big fraction such as 1/3, that means the shutter is closed for one third of a second which is closed longer, which gives objects or people more time to move, which can make the photo more blurry or can make a really cool design using flashlights (see the picture on the left above the text).
Aperture
Aperture is how big or small the lens is. When the lens is super, super tiny, then the number showing you the size will be big, same goes for when the lens is super big, the number representing the size will be smaller for a bigger lens. With a small aperture, you will be a deeper depth of field. Depth of field is how much detail you can see farther back in the picture. With a smaller aperture, the lens gets more detail within the picture because it will take more time for the picture to take (see the picture on the left above the text) . With a big aperture, the photo comes out less detailed because there is nothing the lens is pointed to or being directed to because the lens is so big (see the picture on the right above the text)
ISO
ISO is the sensitivity to light. When there is a dim light and changing the shutter speed and the aperture didn't work to make the picture brighter, changing the ISO will make the camera more sensitive to the little bit of light there is. Making the ISO bigger will also make the picture more grainy (see the three pictures above the text).
White Balance
White balance controls what whites are true whites. The white balances change depending on the lighting of the space you are in, such as a very bright sunny field outside, or an overcast day in the shade. When you change the white balance from what it should be, such as a sunny day set to the sunny day white balance, to something it shouldn't be, such as a sunny day set to a shady area, the white balance changes how white the whites actually are (see the three pictures above the text)
Contrast
Contrast is when there are black blacks, white whites, and every grey in between. The white whites and black blacks even each other out, while the grey settles the harshness of the dark dark and white white (see the pictures above the text)
Lighting Patterns
Lighting patters are were the light is in relation to the object given.There are four mane types of lighting patters, and here is what they are: Butterfly: Butterfly lighting is light from above the subject, highlighting the cheek bones and edges of the face (see top left photo above) Split: Split lighting is the light coming from the side of the subject giving intense shadow on the opposite side of the face (see middle left photo above) Rembrandt: Rembrandt lighting is the light coming from a diagonal at the front of the object, making a triangle like shape of light on the opposite side of the object, with everything else on that side dark (see middle right photo above) Rim: Rim lighting is the light paced behind the object, making a ring of light around the object (see top right photo above)